Is this the first reference to robots or intelligent machines?

Abstract

Homer, from the viewpoint of Technology, provides an abundance of technological findings and inventions, either primitive or even modern as well as fictitious future developments. These inventions include descriptions of automata, i.e., machines moving on their own, by means of internal energy, like live beings. Among them are the automatic tripods, the adaptive bellows, the female robots of Hephaestus, and the miraculous ships of Phaeacians equipped with artificial intelligence. In addition to the term ‘automata’, Homer suggests the evolution of machines to automobile machines, to machines with ‘life’. Such a suggestion constitutes a leap in technology. In this way, Homer challenges the Presocratic philosophers to discover the natural ‘roots’ of self-motion, e.g. fundamental elements possessing the necessary energy, so as to be able to move by themselves. He also motivates the classical philosophers to investigate the concepts of system, control, and feedback. Finally Homer addresses to the engineers of the Hellenistic period, in order that his automata be transformed into science and applied technology — the science of Automatopoietice.